Pulmonology
High-Yield Pulmonology for USMLEPulmonology topics frequently appear on USMLE Step 1 & Step 2 CK, especially asthma, COPD, pulmonary embolism, and tuberculosis management.
1. Obstructive vs. Restrictive Lung Disease
✅ Obstructive (↓ FEV1/FVC <70%): Asthma, COPD
✅ Restrictive (Normal or ↑ FEV1/FVC): Pulmonary Fibrosis, Sarcoidosis
2. Asthma & COPD Management
💨 Asthma: SABA → ICS → LABA → Oral steroids
💨 COPD: Bronchodilators, ICS, Smoking cessation 🚬
3. Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
🚨🔹 Virchow’s Triad: Stasis, Hypercoagulability, Endothelial damage
🔹 Diagnosis: CT Pulmonary Angiography (Gold Standard)
🔹 Treatment: Heparin → Warfarin or DOACs
4. Tuberculosis (TB)
Treatment:
📌 RIPE Therapy:
✅ Rifampin (Red/orange secretions)
✅ Isoniazid (INH) (Peripheral neuropathy - give B6)
✅ Pyrazinamide (Hepatotoxicity)
✅ Ethambutol (Optic neuritis)
📌 USMLE Tip: Learn TB drug side effects & MOA!
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